Many concrete mixes that contain larger aggregate need less water than cement and will require a peanut butter-like texture.
You can add reinforcing fibers to the mix. These fibers are made for strengthening concrete and can be made of nylon or fiberglass.
The length of time it takes concrete to cure will depend on the formula of the mix you use. If you need a quick cure, then look for a rapid setting mix that also is quick curing.